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Access National Developments and legal cases in Europe on the subject of platform work.
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Portuguese Supreme Court finds Glovo rider meets criteria to be an employee
Food delivery couriers for Glovo are employees, the Portuguese Supreme Court of Justice (STJ) found on May 28 2025, bringing clarity to a legal dispute over the issue in the southern European country. Portugal introduced a rebuttable legal presumption of employment in the platform economy to its labour code in May 2023, based on a […]
Dutch Court of Appeal says Uber driver employment status must be decided case-by-case
The Dutch Court of Appeal has ruled that the employment status of Uber drivers cannot be determined on a collective basis. Instead, thousands of drivers must have their case assessed individually, court case by court case. The ruling is a setback for the FNV union, which won a case at a lower court in 2021 […]
Italian judiciary takes partial control of Glovo and Deliveroo
The Italian judiciary’s bid to clean-up the Italian food delivery industry expanded in March 2026 to include Deliveroo. Just weeks after Milan public prosecutors took partial judicial control over Glovo to end alleged illegal labour practices at the company, the same prosecutors were authorised by a judge to do the same at its largest competitor, […]
Finnish Supreme Court confirms that Wolt riders are employees
The President of Finnish union PAM called on Wolt to end the “delaying tactics” and employ its riders, after the Finnish Supreme Administrative Court rejected the food delivery platform’s appeal on 19 March 2026. Wolt was seeking to overturn the decision of Finland’s highest court last May, which found that Wolt riders meet all the […]
Uber fails to rebut driver’s legal presumption of employment
The Brussels Labour Court found in June 2025 that an Uber ride hail driver is an employee, overturning the decision of a lower court which had found in favour of Uber in December 2022. Belgium established a new legal presumption of employment in the platform economy in 2023, but this case was first brought forward […]
Court of Brussels rules that Uber driver is self-employed
In December 2022, the Brussels labour court ruled in favour of Uber in a case filed by an Uber driver against the digital labour platform on the classification of the worker as employee. The ruling stated that “Uber had no hierarchical control over the driver, that he was free to organize his own work”.
Uber recognises collective dismissal and pays severance to more than 4000 workers
On 13 December 2022, Uber agreed to settle with the Spanish Unions CCOO and UGT and to recognise the collective dismissal of 4.404 workers for its food delivery division, Portier Eats. Uber dismissed these workers in August 2021, after the entry into force of the Spanish “ley riders” (riders’ law). Considering this as a mass […]
Court of Pamplona reclassifies 206 Glovo riders as employees
The judgment of the Social Court No. 1 of Pamplona has ruled that between the digital labour platform Glovo and its delivery riders there is an employment relationship, and that they are not merely self-employed, as stated by the company. The lawsuit was filed by 206 Glovo delivery workers and the trade union confederation CCOO. […]
The rider is a subordinate worker: Milan’s Labour Court orders Glovo to reintegrate him
On 29 November 2022, with a first instance decision, Milan’s Labour Court ordered Glovo to reintegrate a rider that had been disconnected and to give him an employment contract. The decision of the Court was based on the Italian Jobs Act (art. 2 of the legislative decree 81/2015). The Jobs Act states that collaborators who […]